The topic of this paper deals with the protection of personal data through the analysis of computer crime, which represents a significant threat in the modern digital society. With the development of digital technologies and the expansion of Internet services, personal data is becoming increasingly vulnerable to cyber attacks such as identity theft, phishing, unauthorized access to systems and computer fraud. The primary legal regulation related to the protection of personal data is the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which sets high standards for the processing and protection of data of European Union citizens. The paper analyzes in detail the application of this regulation as well as the legal and technical protection mechanisms that organizations must adopt in order to ensure the privacy of their users' data. The GDPR represents a key framework that defines the rights of data subjects, the obligations of organizations and sanctions for non-compliance with legal provisions. The paper investigates the development of computer crime, its forms and subjects, and the legal framework used to suppress such criminal activities. Special emphasis is placed on preventive measures and education as key elements in the fight against cyber threats. Specific cases from court practice that illustrate challenges in the implementation of legal regulations are also analyzed, and recommendations for improving security measures are offered. This paper highlights the importance of an approach to personal data protection that includes legal, technological and organizational aspects. The need for continuous development of security protocols and raising awareness of the risks associated with computer crime was emphasized, in order to ensure the security and privacy of data in the digital environment.