This paper analyzes the institutes of default judgment and judgment in absentia in the context of civil proceedings. A default judgment is issued when the defendant fails to respond to the complaint with in the prescribed period, while a judgment in absentia is issued when the defendant fails to attend the hearing without justified reasons. Both institutes aim to sanction in activity of the defendant and expedite court proceedings, thereby increasing the efficiency of the legal system. The paper deals with the legal basis for issuing these judgments, including the procedural and substantive legal prerequisites that must be met. It examines the legal foundations and theoretical bases, as well as the procedure for issuing judgments and the legal remedies available to the parties. Special attentions given to the differences between default judgment and judgment in absentia and their application in practice. The role of these judgments in the process of acquiring ownership and registration in land registers is also considered, further emphasizing their practical significance. Default judgments and judgments in absentia enable more efficient dispute resolution, thereby reducing the burden on the courts and accelerating proceedings. Ultimately, it can be said that the paper highlights the importance of default judgment and judgment in absentia for legal certainty and the efficiency of the judicial system. These institutes contribute to speeding up court proceedings and protecting the rights of the parties, ensuring timely and fair dispute resolution. The paper provides a comprehensive in sight into the significance and implications of these judgments in the contemporary legal system.