In this thesis, the principle ne bis in idem in the criminal proceeding and the development of the said principle through internal and international legislation were processed. Problematics regarding the application of the said principle manifest itself especially through misdemeanour and criminal offence relationship, in paralel conducting of misdemeanour and criminal procedures; then also through extended criminal offence and implementation of territoriality principle. Ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms along with the associated protocols, which elevates protection of individual's rights on a higher level, leads to development of national legal system and under the influence of European Court of Human Rights case law, new solutions regarding the implementation of the said principle are being introduced in both national legislation and case law. Moreover, actions and measures that were taken in order to secure protection of rights and to implement principle ne bis in idem were analysed through European Court of Human Rights case law review, especially in the cases Maresti v. Croatia, Zolotukhin v. Russia, A.B. v. Norway and other