| Sažetak | U ovom se radu ukazuje na osnovne probleme definiranja neimovinske štete, kao i priznanja prava na popravljanje te štete novčanom naknadom u poredbenom pravu. Tu ključnu ulogu ima zakonodavni sustav, sudska praksa i pravna teorija. Zakonodavac se u pravilu ne upušta u precizno definiranje pojma štete, a i poredbeno-pravni propisi rijetko sadrže bilo kakvu definiciju. U hrvatskom je pravnom sustavu kao glavna, pa i isključiva funkcija odgovornosti za štetu, priznata funkcija popravljanja štete. Zbog toga se kao jedina funkcija pravične novčana naknade razmatra materijalno zadovoljenje kao oblik popravljanja neimovinske štete. Dakle, radi se o materijalnom zadovoljenju oštećenika za pretrpljenu neimovinsku štetu, kojom bi on sebi osigurao neke užitke i pogodnosti zbog pretrpljene neimovinske štete. Značajno je ukazati na novi ZOO koji pojmu neimovinske štete pristupa na potpuno novi kvalitetniji način, uvodeći uz sve ostalo i tri novote, koje su naprijed navedene u tekstu. Tim novotama se pravno i šuštinski mijenja odnos prema povredi prava osobnosti. Ono što je u nekim prošlim vremenima ponekad tretirano i kao obijesno suđenje, sada je pravno zaštićeno, čime je dobilo sve funkcije neimovinske štete. Sve to je dovelo do toga da se čovjek može iskazati cjelovito, kao jedinstvena, mnogoslojna i nedjeljiva cjelina, Dakle, sama povreda prava osobnosti je postala šteta u pravnom smislu, pa oštećenik ima pravo tražiti svaki oblik njezina popravljanja, a u skladu s zakonskim odredbama i predviđenim pretpostavkama. Oštećenik ima pravo na pravičnu novčanu naknadu, čim je doživio povredu prava osobnosti. Usvojena objektivna koncepcija pojma neimovinske štete kao posljedice povrede prava osobnosti, priznata su i pravnim osobama sva prava kao i fizičkim, osim onih vezanih za biološku posebnost fizičkih osoba. Pravna doktrina koja je slijedila ideje o postojanju prirodnog prava otvorila je bila vidik na neimovinsku komponentu građanskopravnog poretka, dakle i na osobna, neimovinska prava osoba, učeći da se s njima svaki čovjek rađa i da su ona neotuđiva. Znanstvene metode korištene prilikom pisanja ovog rada su: analitčko-sintetička metoda, induktivno-deduktivna metoda, povijesna metoda, analiza sudske prakse, komparativna metoda, metoda klasifikacije. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | This thesis points out the basic problems of defining non-pecuniary damage, as well as the recognition of the right to repair that damage with monetary compensation in comparative law. The key role is played by the legislative system, case law and legal theory. As a rule, the legislator does not engage in a precise definition of the concept of damage, and comparative legal regulations rarely contain any definition. In the Croatian legal system, the function of repairing damages is recognized as the main, and even exclusive function of liability for damage. Therefore, material satisfaction is considered as the only function of fair monetary compensation as a form of repairing non-pecuniary damage. Therefore, it is a matter of material satisfaction of the injured party for the non-pecuniary damage suffered, which would provide him with some pleasures and benefits due to the non-pecuniary damage suffered. It is important to point out the new Law of Obligations, which approaches the concept of non-pecuniary damage in a completely new and improved way, introducing, among other things, three new benefits, which are listed further in the text. These innovations legally and substantially change the attitude towards the violation of the right to personality. What in some past times was sometimes treated as a reckless trial is now legally protected, giving it all the functions of non-pecuniary damage. All this has led to the fact that a person can express themselves wholly, as a single, multi-layered and indivisible entity. Thus, the very violation of the right to personality has become damage in the legal sense, so the injured party has the right to seek any form of its correction, and in accordance with legal provisions and presumptions. The injured party is entitled to fair monetary compensation as soon as they have experienced a violation of their right to personality. The accepted objective conception of the notion of non- pecuniary damage as a consequence of the violation of the right to personality is recognized to legal entities as well as natural persons, except for those related to the biological specificity of natural persons. The legal doctrine that followed the idea of the existence of natural law opened a perspective on the non-pecuniary component of the civil law order, and therefore on the personal, non-pecuniary rights of persons, teaching that every human being is born with them and that they are inalienable. Scientific methods used in writing this paper are: analytical-synthetic method, inductive-deductive method, historical method, analysis of case law, comparative method, classification method. |
